Category: Uncategorized

  • Sony a6300 versus a6500: what’s changed, and what still needs to change

    Sony a6300 versus a6500

    That was quick.

    Just eight months after Sony introduced the a6300, a higher-end sister model to the a6000, we now have another higher-end sister model in the a6500. The sheer speed of Sony’s product releases lately is somewhat appropriate, given the outright shooting speed these cameras are capable of.

    Both cameras feature the same 24MP APS-C CMOS sensor, the same 425-point on-sensor PDAF system, the same viewfinder, the same video specification, and the same 11 fps burst shooting rate (8 fps with Sony’s implementation of ‘live view’). Wait a second – what exactly is new to the a6500?

    Turns out, there’s a handful of changes that can have big implications for how photographers will interact with and use these cameras, but are they worth the $ 400 premium on the new model? Let’s take a look.

    Continuous shooting

    Patrick Murphy-Racey discusses using the a6500 for peak action (like drag races) due to its burst speed and autofocus system.

    A deeper buffer combined with a newly developed front-end LSI (which stands for Large Scale Integration – it’s basically an additional chip providing more processing power) promise more responsive performance when shooting bursts – 300 JPEG or 107 Raw images can be captured at 11 fps with full autofocus and autoexposure. Users can also instantly review or check focus on the last image that the camera has written to the card (though that might not necessarily be the last image in that burst), with the added plus of an indicator showing just how many images remain to be written to the card.

    Comparatively, the a6300 can still shoot at 11 fps with full autofocus and autoexposure, but only for 44 JPEG or 21 Raws. And while the camera is writing to the card, you can’t enter playback, or magnify the displayed image (if you have image review on). We’re particularly happy to see that last limitation go, as it makes the camera eminently more usable.

    In-body 5-axis stabilization

    Sony consolidated the shutter charge and shutter mechanisms to one side to make room for the IBIS unit in the a6500.

    Without increasing the depth of the camera body, Sony has redesigned the a6500’s shutter mechanism to not only be more durable (tested – though not guaranteed – to 200,000 cycles), but also to incorporate 5-axis stabilization with non-stabilized lenses. What’s more, when you pair an optically stabilized lens with the a6500, the camera knows to pass of pitch and yaw correction to the lens’ stabilization system. This doesn’t increase the effectiveness more than the rated 5 stops, but is likely to help maintain effectiveness when shooting at longer focal lengths.

    There’s also the intriguing possibility of shooting full 4K stabilized video with any lens – but we’re withholding our verdict on the resulting image quality until we can test it for ourselves. After all, core video specification and performance hasn’t changed from the a6300 to the a6500, and we’re curious to see if the stabilization system has any effect on the rather lackluster rolling shutter performance of the a6300.

    And, of course, the a6300 offers no in-body stabilization.

    Touch and see

    The a6500’s screen is touch-enabled, whereas the a6300’s isn’t. They share the same resolution (and the touch-panel doesn’t seem to have affected glare or fingerprint-resistance), but on the a6500, you can now use the screen to quickly place an AF point, move your AF point around by acting as a ‘touchpad’ with your eye to the finder, and also double-tap to zoom and swipe around an image in playback.

    So while AF performance will likely remain the same on the a6500, you may now find you’re more quickly able to adapt to a scene in front of you by using the touchscreen as opposed to the cumbersome sequence of button presses most Sony cameras require for focus point movement.

    That said, in touchpad mode, the control of the AF point is unfortunately always relative, rather than (at least an option for) absolute, so you swipe to move the AF point from its current position, rather than touching exactly where you want it to be. This meant we found ourselves often swiping repeatedly to get the AF point from one side to the other. This could be obviated with absolute positioning in combination with limiting the touchpad area to the upper right quadrant, something we suggested to Sony in-person. Lastly, we found the touchpad performance to be decidedly laggy, especially when compared to competitors’ offerings.

    When it comes to video, the a6500’s touchscreen is particularly useful for focus pulls, since you can just tap to change the focus point and initiate a rack focus (and as always, you can control how quickly the camera will rack focus). Less easy is getting the camera – in video – to continue to track your subject around the frame after you’ve tapped on it, since Lock-on AF is unavailable in video (something we continue to request Sony to address).

    There appears to be a workaround, though: if you turn the old, vesitigial ‘Center Lock-on AF’ on, then tapping appears to initiate subject tracking. Unfortunately, ‘Center Lock-on AF’ isn’t always the most reliable, and it’s still somewhat cumbersome to work this way as you have to first turn this feature on, which requires either a (Fn/main) menu dive or a dedicated button assigned to it, plus a couple more button presses before you tap.

    Controls and usability

    Autofocus and video options are among the new ‘groupings’ within the updated Sony menu system.

    Besides the touchscreen, the other major control change on the a6500 compared to the a6300 is the addition of C2 | C1 custom buttons on the top plate, a7-style. They’re nicer buttons than the soft-press C1 button of the a6300, providing more haptic feedback. The a6500’s grip has also been redesigned to be ‘chunkier’ and deeper than that on the a6300, again much like the a7 Mark II cameras, which should help when using heavier or longer lenses.

    The a6500 also inherits the redesigned menu interface that debuted in the a99 II which is, in our opinion, much more user-friendly than the interface on the a6300 (and a6000, for that matter). The tabs are now color-coded, but more importantly, similar functions like autofocus, image parameters and movie settings are grouped. This makes it much less likely that you’ll miss a moment while rocketing through the menu to find a setting you swear you saw somewhere in there last week. It’s one of our favorite additions to the a6500, and it’s about time.

    Unfortunately, you still can’t make a custom ‘My Menu’-like page in this menu system. A shame, as it’s an easy way to group most-used menu items into one section for quicker access, particularly ones – like movie options – that can’t be assigned to the custom Fn menu.

    What hasn’t changed (and should have been)

    There’s no question that the a6500 is incredibly well-specified camera in an impressively small package. In terms of usability, Sony has made great strides on this new model with the addition of a touchscreen and a revamped menu system. Unfortunately, there’s still a few aspects of the a6500 that we can’t help but wish Sony would have addressed.

    Unfortunately, like the a6300, the a6500 lacks a control dial on the front of the camera – an omission that is all the more glaring at its higher position in the market. Unlike the a6300, all of the a6500’s direct peers offer twin control dials, and a front control dial would further aid usability in our opinion (though we’d also happily take the ‘Tri-Navi’ system of the old NEX-7 flagship as a compromise).

    The core stills and video specification hasn’t changed at all since the a6300 (although the new front-end LSI is supposed to help with JPEG performance at higher ISO values). Now, the a6300 already produced great results under almost any circumstances with one big exception – rolling shutter in 4K. While the detail level is impressive and the capture aids are extensive (S-Log, zebra patterning, focus peaking, etc.), we would really have liked to see Sony address the rolling shutter issue in this new model. And a headphone monitoring port wouldn’t hurt, either.

    Limited battery life is a problem endemic to mirrorless cameras as a whole, and the a6000-series is no exception. Still, probably thanks to the additional processing and touch-screen, the a6500’s battery life rating has actually decreased compared to the a6300 by over 10%. It goes without saying that’s a change in the opposite direction than we would like.

    Adding it all up

    The a6500’s additions over the a6300 are small in number, but potentially huge for what they offer users. Sure, the new model comes at a $ 400 premium over its mid-range sibling, but the upgrades in the new flagship model have the potential to be significant.

    Of course, whether they’re significant to you depends on whether they line up with what you like to shoot. If you don’t shoot long bursts, or don’t find yourself checking focus all that often, the additional buffer performance isn’t likely to matter. If you shoot a lot of video and want more flexibility with lens choice, the in-body stabilization is likely to be very helpful. One thing that we feel will positively impact all users – even those who primarily use the viewfinder – is the touchscreen. That said, its laggy behavior is disappointing considering just how much processing power this camera has.

    We generally feel that, given the sheer capability of this camera, the price premium over the a6300 is warranted. The Sony a6500 represents a lot of camera in a very lightweight package, and it’s encouraging to see that Sony is continuing to refine its APS-C offerings.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • Field Test: Birds in flight with the Nikon D500

    Nikon’s D500 is a professional APS-C format DSLR, designed for shooting fast-moving subjects in tough conditions. For this week’s Field Test, we brought the D500 to a wildlife reserve in Montana, to meet with National Geographic photographer Ronan Donovan.

    Over two days, DPReview Editor Barney Britton joined Ronan to shoot the various bird and animal species that make the reserve their home. Watch the video to see how the D500 performed. 


    This is sponsored content, created with the support of Nikon. What does this mean?

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • Drone footage captures the raw power of Iceland

    Bjarke Hvorslev and Kristian Kettner shot the above film entirely with a Sony a7r ii camera mounted to a DJI Phantom 4 drone during a 6 day trip to Iceland. The film really does an amazing job depicting the raw beauty and power that Iceland has become so famous for. Turn down the lights, crank up the sound and be sure to watch this in HD.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • Pentax 55-300mm F4.5-6.3 ED PLM WR RE real world sample gallery

    The Pentax 55-300mm F4.5-6.3 ED PLM WR RE is a new variable aperture ultra telephoto zoom that is the first Pentax lens to use their new ‘Pulse Autofocus Motor’. Although it is a bit darker than the old 55-300, autofocus is much faster and virtually silent. Take a look at our samples to see how sharp this handy new zoom is.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • ‘I don’t use my camera as my memory’: we interview Graham Nash

     Graham Nash, photographed by Amy Grantham.

    From Lancashire to California, Graham Nash’s journey has been a long and winding one, both as a musician and a photographer. 

    As he prepares for his keynote talk at this week’s Photo Plus Expo in New York, we spoke to Graham Nash about his career as a photographer, and his role in developing modern digital photographic printing.


    Graham – most people probably know you primarily as a musician, but when did you start taking photographs?

    I’ve been a photographer for longer than I’ve been a musician. The first portrait I took was a picture I took of my mother when I was 11. And it was at that moment that I knew that I saw differently to most people.

    You and I both grew up in Northern England. I was born in Yorkshire and you were raised in Lancashire, in Salford.

    It’s alright, I’ll still talk to you!

    So you’re from L.S. Lowry country – dark, satanic mills, and all that. How did growing up in Salford influence your visual style?

    I think it did wonders for me as a person, not necessarily in terms of any talent I may have. When you grow up in that kind of area after World War II, your feet are on the ground. You’re thankful that you’re still alive, that your friends are still alive, and that your house is still standing. Because when I was younger, that wasn’t always the case.

    Once you have this sense of having survived, it’s a sense of accomplishment. And also, you know, don’t complain to me about the room not being the right temperature. Talk to me about something more important.

     Johnny Cash, Nashville, TN. 1960. Photograph by Graham Nash, used with permission. 

    So being raised in the industrial north of England, coming to America in the 1960s must have been a mind-blowing experience?

    Mind-blowing and joyful. I had sunshine, I had music, David (Crosby) and Stephen (Stills) and I were just forming our relationship and falling in love with each other, and each other’s music. Having all that music to make, and records to make, and sunshine and beautiful weather… it was an extraordinary time.

    ‘I’m interested in those little surreal moments that happen in front of me’

    And just visually – even now, America isn’t like anywhere else…

    It’s an incredible country. The first time the Hollies came to America, we came to New York. But where I went to live, and where I really thrived was Los Angeles.

    The people are very interesting to look at, the countryside is beautiful, but I’m not really one of those photographers. I’m more interested in those little surreal moments that happen in front of me, and they seem to happen in front of me daily. I’m not interested in pictures of kittens with balls of wool, or making an image to match the color of my couch. I don’t take landscapes, and I don’t use my camera as my memory.

    Nash’s bandmate David Crosby. Photograph by Graham Nash, used with permission.

    So you’ve been taking pictures now for more than 50 years. What would you say the biggest difference – technically or culturally, between when you started taking pictures, and now?

    I think it’s more mindless now. People are taking pictures of everything. And nothing is that important. I don’t want a picture of me at Disneyland, pulling the sword out of the stone, or any of that stuff. I’m not interested. I’m not interested in selfies. I’ve been taking self-portraits since 1968. It’s so mindless now and I experience it daily. There’s not a show when I don’t get approached afterwards by someone with 20 albums to sign and a selfie that they want taken, immediately. And often they don’t even ask for permission.

    ‘I draw inspiration from moments’

    As a photographer, do you draw more creative inspiration from people, or from places?

    Neither, actually. I draw inspiration from moments. I’ve had so many pictures taken of me, I know when a lens is being turned on me. I know that look. And I can’t stand it. If I take portraits, I want to take pictures when they have no idea when I’m there.

    Girl with Uzi, North Hollywood, CA. 1998. Photograph by Graham Nash, used with permission.

    What were your earliest photographic influences?

    My father was an amateur photographer. He used me and my sister’s bedroom as a darkroom, and it was his enthusiasm and his passion that remains with me even today. I’m still thrilled by the magic of photography, and it really is magic.

    For the last 15-20 years I’ve been collecting daguerreotypes. The world’s first photographic format. Daguerre invented himself into a corner, because there was no negative to reproduce the image. That’s what Henry Fox Talbot did – he invented the negative, and therefore invented himself into the future.

    ‘Fox Talbot invented himself into the future’

    You’ve been very influential in the development of what we now call digital photographic printing. Can you give me some context around that?

    It was pure selfishness. I used to live with Joni Mitchell, and Joni always loved my images, but I never shared them because I thought of myself as a musician. She had had a really good experience with a gallery in Tokyo. The Parko Gallery. She said why don’t you send them some of your photographs?

    I was very hesitant to do that, but she told me to send some pictures to this gallery and see if they’d be interested in doing a show. So reluctantly I made 5 or 6 prints and sent them off, and forgot about it. And then they called me and said they’d love to do a show. They wanted 50 images, which was fine, but they wanted them printed about 3 or 4 feet square, which was a problem.

    Dennis Hopper, Kentucky Derby, Louisville KT, 2002. Photograph by Graham Nash, used with permission.

    At the same time as I was pondering how to do that, I was introduced to the Iris Printer. And when I saw what that printer was capable of doing, I asked the owner two questions. Could it print in black and white? And would the inks last more than ten minutes?

    I bought the machine, it cost about $ 125,000, and my partner Mac Holbert and I voided the warranty immediately because we were modifying it and forcing it to do what we wanted it to do. We opened Nash Editions in the early 90s after a couple of years of research, and we’re still in business.

    At that time, in the late 1980s and 90s, as I understand it, the abilities of computers to generate digital images had exceeded the ability of printers to output the files. Is that right?

    Exactly. You couldn’t get them off the screen. The honor of having our first printer put into the Smithsonian Museum of American History was a real thrill.


    Graham Nash will appear at the Photo Plus Expo 2016 this week, in a conversation with photographer and musician Mark Seliger on October 20th.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • Modest Updates: Nikon D3400 Review

    Key Features

    • 24MP APS-C CMOS sensor
    • 11-point phase detect auto-focus system
    • 1080/60p video capability
    • Fixed 3″ 920k-dot LCD screen
    • 5/fps burst shooting
    • Bluetooth LE for image transfer

    The D3400 is a very modestly updated version of the D3300. It’s an entry level DSLR targeted toward first-time ILC shooters and those who are ready to move on from their smartphones to a more advanced shooting platform.

    The camera is built around the same 24MP APS-C CMOS sensor found in its predecessor along with an ‘EXPEED 4’ image processor, Full HD video capture and an 11-point autofocus system. Unfortunately the camera doesn’t have Wi-Fi, but it does have Bluetooth LE connectivity for transferring images from the camera to a smart phone via the ‘SnapBridge’ app.

    Nikon packs a lot of very desirable features into the D3400 for the price.

    In terms of competition, the D3400’s sits between the Canon Rebel T6 and the Canon Rebel T6i. The D3400’s $ 649 launch price for a kit with the new AF-P 18-55mm F3.5-5.6 VR lens puts it between the $ 549 list price of for the T6/EOS 1300D kit and the significantly more expensive $ 899 MSRP for the T6i with the 18-55mm VR zoom. The T6 has a lower resolution, 18MP sensor but its lower price makes it a threat at this price-sensitive point in the market.

    Specs Comparison

    The table below illustrates that not much has changed from the D3300 to the D3400. The biggest changes seen in the D3400 are in battery life (which we suspect is due to the less powerful flash), weight and the new built in Bluetooth LE that works with SnapBridge to enable photo sharing. The D3400 also tends to come kitted with a new ‘AF-P’ version of the 18-55mm VR lens which uses a new focus motor to offer improved performance in live view and video.

    For beginning DSLR shooters the elimination of the external mic port (if video is important to you) and, more notably, the Ultrasonic Sensor Cleaning from the D3400 is something to definitely keep in mind when deciding which camera to purchase.

    If you’re not wedded to the idea of owning a DSLR, the Fujifilm X-A3 (which features an articulating touchscreen LCD and twin control dials), and the Sony a5100 (which acts more in the way of a point and shoot), are both mirrorless cameras. These offer excellent features and image quality in a much smaller package. These are definitely two other options to also consider looking at before making a purchase.

    It is worth noting that the traditional DSLR still holds some key advantages over mirrorless rivals. They offer much better battery life and lens selection, for example. The optical viewfinder is another important factor for many photographers. For more on the subject, read our primer.

      Nikon D3300 Nikon D3400 Canon Rebel T6i (EOS 750D) Pentax K70 Fujifilm X-A3
    Price (MSRP) $ 649.95 w/18-55mm kit $ 649.95 w/18-55mm kit

    $ 899.00 w/18-55mm kit

    $ 899.95 w/18-135mm kit $ 599.95 w/16-50mm kit
    Sensor 24.2MP 24.2 MP 24 MP 24 MP 24 MP
    Image Processing EXPEED 4 EXPEED 4 DIGIC 6 PRIME MII EXR Processor II
    LCD Fixed 3.0″ 921k-dot LCD Fixed 3.0″ 921k-dot LCD Fully Articulated 3.0″ 1.04M-dot LCD Fully Articulated 3.0″ 921k-dot LCD Fully Articulated 3.0″ 1.04M-dot touchscreen LCD
    AF System 11-point (one cross-type) 11-point (one-cross type) 19-point (all cross-type) 11-point (9-cross-type) 77-point
    Viewfinder
    magnification (coverage)
    0.85x (95% coverage) 0.85x (95% coverage) 0.82x (95% coverage) 0.95x (100% coverage) None
    ISO Range 100-12,800 (expansion to 25,600) 100-12,800 (expansion to 25,600) 100-12,800 (expansion to 25,600) 100-102,400 200-6400 (expansion 100-25600)
    Connectivity  With optional WU-1a Mobile Adapter Bluetooth LE Wi-Fi with NFC Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
    Video Capture max res. 1080/60p 1080/60p 1080/30p 1080/30p 1080/60p
    Continuous Shooting 5 fps 5 fps 5 fps 6 fps 6 fps
    Built in Flash
    (Range)
    Yes (12m) Yes (7m) Yes (12m) Yes (12m) Yes (7m)
    Sensor Cleaning Ultrasonic No Ultrasonic Ultrasonic Ultrasonic
    External Mic Port Yes No Yes Yes No
    Weather Sealing No No No Yes No
    Battery Life 700 shots 1200 shots 440 shots 410 shots 410 shots
    Dimensions 124 x 98 x 76mm 124 x 98 x 76 mm 132 x 101 x 78 mm 126 x 93 x 74 mm 117 x 67 x 40 mm
    Weight 460g 395g 555g 688g 339 g

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • iLUUN Air is a wireless USB 3.0 flashdrive for your smartphone

    The iLUUN Air is designed to look and work just like any USB 3.0 flash drive. However, it also allows you to share files with your smartphone or tablet via a wireless connection. Seeking funding on Kickstarter, if the iLuun Air is brought to production it can be used to create a Wi-Fi network that you can connect to with your mobile device. You can then use it to store or share images and videos, transfer files and stream movies or music using the iLUUN app that is available for Android and iOS.

    The storage device will be available in versions with 32, 64, 128 or 256GB of storage and can wirelessly share content with up to six users simultaneously. There is also a backup & restore function that lets you free up storage space on your phone by transferring files to iLUUN and built-in encryption makes sure your content is safe.

    The iLUUN Air looks like an interesting option for those who frequently run out of local storage space or like sharing content with multiple users without making use of cloud services. Pledging $ 42 on the iLUUN Kickstarter page will get you a 32GB version, for the 256GB variant you’ll have to invest $ 149. Delivery is planned for March 2017.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • Sample reel: the Sony RX100 V shoots impressively detailed 4K video

    Sony’s RX100-series has always been a capable machine for video as well as stills, and the Mark V version is no exception. With the addition of phase-detection autofocus and oversampled 4K footage, we’ve been impressed with what we’ve seen so far. In this video, you’ll be able to check out 4K footage, 1080p footage (scaled to 4K), high frame rate footage, and more. Note that for the image stabilization demo, no attempt was made to smooth the camera motion – just normal walking with a camera out in front.

    The only adjustments applied in post were to conform the higher frame rate clips to 30p, and to upscale as necessary to fill the frame (there is no change in crop-factor when going to 1080p as long as you haven’t enabled active or intelligent active IS, the shift in the fountain shot was just a reframing of the camera on our tripod). Otherwise, all clips are straight-out-of-camera.

    Click here to download the clip for yourself.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • Vote now for your favorite Nikon Small World 2016 entries

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Mouse retinal ganglion cells. Photo by Dr. Keunyoung Kim

    Nikon’s Small World Microphotography competition continues to celebrate all things tiny, fanged and gross. This year they’re inviting you to participate in the judging by picking your favorite finalists in the Popular Vote competition. Head over to the Popular Vote page to cast your ballot, and flip through the slides above to see some of our favorite entries.

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Leg of a water boatman (Corixidae). Photo by Marek Mis

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Actin (pink), mitochondria (black), and DNA (red) in a bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell. Photo by Talley Lambert

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Parts of wing-cover (elytron), abdominal segments and hind leg of a broad-shouldered leaf beetle (Oreina cacaliae). By Pia Scanlon

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Egg of a Gulf Fritillary butterfly, Agraulis vanillae. Photo by David Millard

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Wildflower stamens. Photo by Samuel Silberman

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Scales of a butterfly wing underside (Vanessa atalanta). Photo by Francis Sneyers

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Slime mold (Mixomicete). Photo by Jose Almodovar

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Beta-alanine and taurine crystals. Photo by Matt Inman

    Nikon Small World 2016 Finalists

    Poison fangs of a centipede (Lithobius erythrocephalus). Photo by Walter Piorkowski

    We told you there were fangs.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)

  • CFexpress cards with 8GB/s data rate on the way according to the CompactFlash Association

    The CompactFlash Association has announced that it is working on a new series of memory cards that will offer theoretical data rates of up to 8GB per second. Still very much in development, the CFexpress family of media storage will be available in a range of form factors to suit multiple kinds of device, but will all have the same physical interface and memory protocol. The Association says the cards will be good for professional photographers and videographers as well as for personal computing, servers and for industrial applications.

    The cards will have varying numbers of lanes that will govern their ultimate speed of communication. Those lanes will be based on the PCIE generation 3 interface which can deliver a theoretical 1GB/s per lane and cards will be supplied eventually that have up to eight lanes.

    The Association suggests that the need for such data rates is being driven by the increasing numbers of 4K cameras and that slow motion 4K footage recorded in raw format needs better communication speeds than currently exist.

    There is no indication of when these new cards will come to market, but you can read more information about the CompactFlash Association on its website.

    Press release

    THE COMPACTFLASH ASSOCIATION ANNOUNCES CFexpress FAMILY

    CFexpress Introduces a New Family of High-Performance Removable Media Based on PCIE® and NVM Express®

    Cupertino, California – The CompactFlash Association (CFA) announces the CFexpress Family of high-performance removable storage based on PCIE® and NVM Express®

    CFA has developed high-performance removable cards standards for the last 21 years with the popular CompactFlash®, CFast®, and XQD® formats. The CompactFlash Association was formed in 1995 as the initial digital film format and continues to serve professional imaging and industrial markets where high performance and high-quality recording media is essential for high-speed capture and high-speed transfer into the workflow.

    CFexpress is the next evolution in an open standard format for a broader set of applications, such as professional imaging, personal computing, servers, IoT and industrial. CFexpress differs from prior CFA standards in that CFexpress is a specification spanning multiple form factors and performance levels to match various market requirements while maintaining the same electrical/physical interface and memory/storage protocol. The new CFexpress specification is under development within the CFA CFexpress Working Group.

    CFA’s goals for the CFexpress family are:
    1) Unify the ecosystem around a removable storage specification that has longevity in the market
    2) Provide a platform that scales with performance increases in the PCIE® interface
    3) Leverages the technologies and skillsets of the larger volume compute markets
    4) Seamless compatibility with the capture ecosystem and workflow tools.

    CFexpress leverages the PCIE® physical interface for higher performance based on the high-volume compute industry. PCIE® CFA’s objective is to specify multiple removable storage devices that spans from two lanes architecture all the way up to eight lanes. With the current PCIE® Gen 3 delivering maximum theoretical interface speeds of 1.0GB/sec per lane, CFexpress would enable theoretical sequential speed of up to 8GB/s.

    CFexpress also utilizes the low latency NVM Express® memory/storage protocol across all of the form factors. This enables compatibility with a broader set of ecosystem components, such as controllers, OS, capture devices and workflow modules. In imaging, compute and industrial applications, the use of PCIE® /NVM Express® enables access to wide range of open standard platforms consisting of mature and proven drivers. In addition, the new CFexpress format also enable easy compatibility with the Thunderbolt® interface which is also based on PCIE®. Actual CFexpress products will vary in performance based on market requirements and protocol overheads.

    Professional video data rate requirements are growing at an exponential rate exceeding the capabilities of existing open standard formats. 4K RAW video at 30fps requires 400-500MB/sec of sustained performance not including any overhead to guarantee performance over the entire recording media. 4K RAW video at 120fps requires 1,600-2,000MB/sec. 4K RAW video at 240fps requires 3,200-4,000MB/sec. Even in High-Quality I-Frame compression formats, the data rates quickly exceed 1.0GB/Sec at high frame rates.

    Key Feature Benefits

    PCIE® Gen 3 Interface
    Provides a max theoretical interface speed of 1.0GB/sec per lane of PCIE®. This speed enhancement enables a new generation of higher performance cards to meet requirements for professional video recording.

    Family of Form Factors
    Provides multiple form factors to address multiple market segments with a unified physical interface and memory/storage protocol. 2 lane and 4 lane form factors will be the initial focus but anything from 1 lane to 8 lanes is possible. This provides a range of up to 8GB/Sec with PCIE® Gen3.

    NVM Express®
    A storage interface designed from the ground up for NVM storage. The NVM Express protocol features fixed length commands, an efficient queuing model, and very low non-cacheable PCIe accesses per command, delivering reduced I/O overhead and performance improvements in comparison to legacy storage device interfaces. NVM Express® is gaining popularity across various flash-based storage solutions and has driver support on all leading OSs.

    Mr. Tom Ando of Canon and CFA Co-Chairman of the board said; “As the Co-Chairman of the CompactFlash Association I am pleased and excited to introduce CFexpress as CFA’s continues the tradition of performance leadership. The higher performance provided by CFexpress formats will further increase the capabilities and value for photographers, videographers, cinematographers, industrial, and compute applications. I am very pleased and proud to see the CFA creating standards that address new market requirements.”

    Host and card manufacturers will be able to leverage the compute industry’s investment in PCIE® and NVM Express®. Media manufacturers will be able to leverage high volume solid state disk (SSD) controller technology to serve the high performance requirements of this market. The new format will have VPG (Video Performance Guarantee) capability with new VPG profiles at every increases performance levels. CFA’s goal for CFexpress is the development of a standard that can span many market segments and provide a stable and consistent format to fully leverage the industry’s R&D investments and less churn in the market of standardized and proprietary recording media formats.

    Mr. Koichiro Kawamura of Nikon and CFA Co-Chairman of the board said; “As the Co-Chairman of the CompactFlash Association I am also pleased and excited to introduce CFexpress. The specification is a family of form factors that can serve many market segments with a unified physical interface and unified memory/storage protocol. We are excited with the vision that CFexpress will unify the imaging and industrial ecosystems around formats that are easily compatible with the computing markets. CFexpress represents a unique opportunity to unify the market around truly open standard formats.”

    CFA invites host and media companies interested in supporting the new CFA specifications to also join CFA as members. Membership in the CompactFlash Association enables participation in CFA CFExpress Working Group and access to new specification before they are available for purchase by non-members. More information can be found at http://www.compactflash.org.

    Articles: Digital Photography Review (dpreview.com)